A Change Of Heart About Animals: Rifkin’s Analysis Essay

How many times people give all their trust, love and affection to someone who  inevitably cheats, betrays or disappoints them? Who has the chance to cure and take  care of an animal knows that this wont’ ever happen, they remain faithful and loving by  your side in whatever situation. There are striking similarities between human and animal beings, from their astonishing  intellectual and cognitive abilities, to their widely developed emotional side. People should  reconsider and change the way they treat and relate our fellow creatures, legally and in  everyday life, because they are much more than an experiment, or a children amusement or  an accessorize, they are living beings. Jeremy Rifkin is an American writer, public speaker and activist who wrote an article for  the Los Angeles Times in 2003 , meaningfully dense from the title: † A Change Of Heart  About Animals†. In this article he sheds light on the human like qualities of animals,  emphasizing how similar they are to us, providing examples like persuasive studies and  accurate data. Our everyday companions do have empathy, intelligence and feelings and  should be treated as such. The author starts building up his credibility with precise and sophisticated diction  through the entire text, and making use of universally highly recognized sources. Referring  to studies on pigs’ social behavior at Purdue University or to findings published in the  Journal of Science, he obtains the attention and the trust of the reader. In fact references to  the highest level universities and science magazines, give the reader a sense of secure  reliability on the author, associating these names to quoted scientists and prestigious  researches. Moreover Purdue’s studies on pigs that showed how the lack of physical and  mental stimuli can depress and deteriorate pigs’ health, were heartily taken by the European  Union. Especially in Germany, the government took action encouraging the farmers to  stimulate pigs with human contact and toys every day. Researches taken so seriously not  only by a national government, but also by an institution like the European Union, lead to a  growth of the author’s ethos even for the most skeptical readers, installing a global sense  of trust. Then Rifkin goes on exploring the most emotional and sympathetic human like  aspects of our closest nature relatives. Since animals share the same emotions and anxiety  as humans do, the reader can relate on an expressive level with them. An actual example  that Rifkin uses, was how elephants will mourn over a death of their kin, standing next to  them, touching their dead bodies with their trunks. Elephants understand the sense of  mortality experiencing grief, and the sensation of loss after the death of a beloved one as  we do. Any person who unluckily had to face how struggling the last goodbye to someone  close is can connect with them, feeling empathy and at the same time sadness thinking  about their own tough experiences. And at the end, as last heart warming pathos appeal,  Rifkin gives colorful examples of the horrible treatments that some animals must go trough  like painful laboratory experiments, inhumane conditions and slaughter. These portrays of  unevenly horrific treatments put negative images in our minds, making the reader really  wonder how possibly people can treat with any regards creatures having so many things in  common with us. Rifkin strongly appeals to the reader’s logic as well, in fact one reason why animals are  treated with so much inferiority is because they are viewed as having much less  intelligence. On the contrary, the author displays how clever animals can be, including as  proof the mind blowing results of two experiments. For instance, Oxford University scientists  noticed how smartly two New Caledonian crows managed to use the right hooked wire to  extract one piece of meat from a tube, in the majority of time in which the experiment was  repeated. Beyond impressive was Koko, a 300 – pound gorilla in Northern California, who  was able to learn more than one thousand signs of the sign language and several thousand  English words, moreover she scored between 70 and 95 on human IQ tests. The example of  the unbelievably humane cognitive abilities of this clever female gorilla, is even more  impressive and has a greater impact on who is reading because the primate family is  widely known as being the closest to ours.  The human race descends from the animal one, and feelings, language skills  and anything purely related and considered human has not just appeared one random day. Animals are much more similar to us than we ever thought, sensing and experiencing  emotions like sorrow, depression and excitement. Moreover they have a mesmerizing level of  intelligence, they can master sophisticatedly tool making tasks and possess qualities that the  majority of people have never even imagined. How can people merely consider our four  legged companions as just animals? It is so hard to believe and realize that still so many  human beings are treating our fellow friends with no regards. When a man unfairly treats a  creature so similar to him, who should we really consider as beast? â€Å"The more I know  people, the more I love my dog. † said Mark Twain, and the way people treat animals  depicts what kind of people they are. If we consider ourselves as people who deserve the  title of human being, we should definitely behave in the best way possible toward them,  protecting and guaranteeing them similar rights to ours, considering how similar we are.

Traditions of Scapegoating Found in

Cresia Reese English 1020 Prof Sparks Traditions of scapegoating found in â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† and â€Å"The Lottery† The various cultures that exist in the United States all have different ways to scapegoat a variety of people and cultures in society today; as depeicted in the fiction stories â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† by Ursula K. Le Guin.In â€Å"The Lottery,† is a story about a community that has passed down a tradition of death by stoning for many years, this person would become the scapegoat of the community. In the story â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas†a community has a hidden secret which involves the captivity of one person who has to live a life of despair in order for a community to thrive. In comparing both stories to life as we know it today, we have found that there are traditions which have been passed down in our communities and eventually l ead to a person to become the scapegoat of the community.How do our various cultures today allow passed traditions to use individuals as scapegoats just like we find in our fictions stories? The word scapegoat means, a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place. The idea of a scapegoat applies to both stories in the same manner, a person is used as a scapegoat to uphold there communities. Both stories use traditions of there past ancestral history to use a person as a scapegoat to carry on the behaviors that were passed down to them via traditions.Shirley Jackson was an author who used a perfect example of scapegoat in her stories. â€Å"The Lottery† brings us to the scapegoat aspect of this story you see that the traditions in the community allows for another scapegoat victim every year, they are stoned to death in a symbolic process. Ursula K. Le Guin also used a scapegoat the hidden person to hold up a community and keep it from the dange rs of the outside world. These traditions were passed down by the ancestors of the people who currently live in this place. Also in â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away rom Omelas† there are several people who have chosen to walk away from the hidden secret that was revealed to them and they did not wish to remain in that community any more. The hidden secret was symbolic as a scapegoat because without this person this community would have failed based on passed traditions. To compare the traditions of stoning a person to death and hiding a person to up hold a community are both forms of scapegoat. The scapegoat matters in both the stories and show that as human beings that we believe in history and certain traditions in our communities.Also people and things are used as scapegoats as passed down by traditions and as a symbolic way to forge ahead in life, so they do not hinder there communities. Why should the people in our communities not follow along with the traditions of the past ? Because we feel that these traditions followed by our ancestors did not prove to be right and they should not be followed in the current times. When you think about the story â€Å"The Lottery† you have been thrown a curve ball, most people think about a lottery used in our current day and age where you have a slim chance of winning something good like prizes or money.We soon come to find out that a lottery in this story is all a sham; â€Å"At mid morning on a late June day a peaceful village crowd gathers on the square for the annual lottery. The procedures have been handed down over generations with little change. While in the harmless process of drawing lots the villagers reveal their excitement. Suddenly, when the winner is selected, the innocent game turns out to be a horrifying sacrifice: the winner is stoned to death for the welfare of the community. Such is the limited picture that could be given of Shirley Jackson’s ‘The Lottery’. (Schaub 1) A s we find out in this story there is another thing that also stands out in this story and that would be the black box in this story. In the story the black box is used as a way to single out one person to be the winner of the said lottery. The black box is a symbol in the story of the way to reduce the size of a community. This is why they held the lottery each year they would bring all the families together in the square and have them to pull a slip of paper from the box and eventually at the end of the gathering one of the residence in this community would lose there life.We can see that scapegoats are recognized in both objects and actions as we find in both stories â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas†. In â€Å"The Lottery† the pulling of a name from a black a black wooden box and then there was the death of one person at the end by being hit with stones. The character (Tessie Hutchinson) was one who was always ready to be the one to throw the stones, but when it came time for her to be the on being hit by the stones she felt that it was not fair and or right. â€Å"It isn’t fair’ she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head† (Jackson 218).You have (Tessie Hutchinson) who was very excited every year to be a part of the traditional lottery process and when it came time for her to be stoned she was the scapegoat in the traditional process. Then we move on to â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† where there are several characters: one (the child) who was forced to be the scapegoat, and al the ones who walked away from the community (many people). They all chose to be free from the scapegoat act of holding this child to support the community which was free of all major problems that many communities face today.The issues today in different cultures, religions, and stories using people and things as scapegoats to uphold current and traditional believes. Moving forward to comp are the scapegoats used in both stories to show how our traditions, which are passed down still eventually lead to people to being used as scapegoats in our communities today. â€Å"So that the lottery is to be understood as a modern representation of the primitive annual scapegoat rite† (Schaub 1). This information hits the nail on the head as the lottery process is a primitive act that we are not sure why this was even being done and it was never explained.In today’s society there are still several groups (cults, religious groups, & clubs/organizations) that are secluded from most communities and societies today. We know some of these groups have different rituals and rules as to who and how you are allowed to become involved. These rituals most times come from traditions which were taught by the ancestors of the leaders or promoters of said cults and groups. The definition of a cult is listed as Sociology: A group having a sacred ideology and a set of rites centerin g around their sacred symbols or ideas.

Please tell us how you spent your most recent summer vacation

I spent most of my last summer (2007) traveling around Europe’s architectural sites and familiarizing myself with two important design softwares: Photoshop and Illustrator.Since the summer was to be the last one to spend as a family, my parents and I decided to take a vacation of my choice, of which I choose Europe because of the continent’s wealth of historical and architectural heritage. I have always been fascinated by the cultural history of the continent’s architectural sites.The first place to visit was Rome. It was amazing to the Roman Coliseum whose size architecture and appearance is just a beauty to be reckoned with; I felt so privileged to have seen this great piece of art. Irrigations pipes and channels built during the days of the Roman Empire were also great pieces of dazzling architecture I was privileged to see.The second city to visit was Paris, France. One of the dazzling sites was the Mona Lisa, but I was dazzled to see that the picture is smal ler than expected. It is widely said that a picture could be more than a thousand words; the Mona Lisa is worth more than those words and more than thousand times its sheer size.This little-yet-widely-famous picture is recessed in the gallery, protected by thick glasses, Mona Lisa’s smile, small eyes and her androgynous features is a site for any art lover to stare and admire.While still in France, we had a chance to visit Venice whose water transportation system and the beautiful voice that many of the Gondola drivers are just amazing sites. I spent the latter part of my summer learning how to use Adobe Photoshop and illustrator. The skills I developed, steady hands and strong concentration, will make it easy to deal with design classes at NYU.#2) Describe a trait or characteristic that has been passed along to you by your family. Tell us why you like or dislike this part of yourself.My home nickname is â€Å"silent but deadly†. â€Å"Silent† is from my father and â€Å"deadly† from my late mother. I like the combinations of these two names because it makes me feel as if my parents are in me at all times. My father is a successful executive in Hong Kong and has exemplified greater leadership skills that I have been associated with the character traits I borrowed from him.Indeed, I find myself becoming a leader like my father. I have already started developing those skills through participation in group activities both in my neighborhood and in school; I have served as leader in several extracurricular activities throughout my education career. The listening skills that I got from my father have enabled me to be attentive to others as well as being tolerant to colleagues’ opinions.My mother was a great philanthropist, perfectionist, full of grace, caring, attentive, understanding, and a-people-person. She was also charismatic, investigative and a straight talker. She was a thoughtful person who would never take stand or decis ion on something before undertaking some thoughtful process. The resulting decisions would have been final; she stood to what she believed-in.These characteristics have made me an individual who is interested with other people in the society. Being a blend of two talented individuals has made a big contribution to the person I am today. Sharpening the combination of two individuals to NYU is one of the goals I want to achieve. I am also planning two use the skills I have developed from my parents legacy to make a contribution in NYU’s community.#3) New York City is an essential element of academic and cultural life at NYU. If you could start a club or service organization at NYU, what would it be and how would you envision it impacting the larger community.I plan to make a contribution to NYU and NYC through the establishment of a Chinese club that will enable members of the community to learn about Chinese ways of life. The club will for instance help NYU community members l earn mandarin and Chinese calligraphy that are increasingly becoming popular worldwide.Other activities of the club would include opera and water painting. All NYU community members would be welcome in the club, even if they are not of Chinese origin. This is because the club’s intention is to teach and learn from others. Incase there exists other clubs of this sort, I shall join them and make my contribution from there. The Chinese club will make a pint of joining hands with other cultural organizations in the NYU and with NYC to celebrate different cultures.This shall be achieved through celebrations and carnivals at different calendar dates. Taking advantage of New York City as the melting port of world cultures will be the greatest help that NYU will provide this club; members shall be able to understand different people through learning and teaching activities. In addition, the club shall embark on helping people of different cultures to cope with the fast paced NYC-life .This shall be achieved through the network of friendship that will have been established through association with other clubs within the college and New York City itself. To ensure that information about the club reaches a wider group of audience, the club shall establish a website where all its activities will be posted, including materials to teach language and calligraphy.#4) You have been selected to sing in a talent show. What song would you choose? Why?I would definitely sing Whitney Houston’s â€Å"I Will Always Love You†; it reminds me of pleasant memories and has cultivated sense of making use of opportunities I find on my growth process. I first came across this song when I was watching the movie, â€Å"The Bodyguard† with my parents.   It was a very interesting movie. Like most of the love stories, this talked about a Bodyguard fell in love with his client, Whitney Houston.   Unlike many other movies, this movie is very special because it incorpo rates several music soundtracks.However, Whitney Houston’s â€Å"I Will Always Love You† stood out from the rest because it was my mother’s favorite song and. Lyrics, too, are very touchy and meaningful.   I love the lyrics of the song because it speaks a lot of the feelings I have for my mother.   Even though it has almost been 8 years since her death, â€Å"I will always love you† provides me with fresh memories of her.   In terms of musical quality, I love the arrangement, mainly because of the many instruments that were used: such as piano, guitar, drum, and last but not least the saxophone.The saxophone part comes in the chorus; it heightens the overall emotion quality of the song.   I love this song and it is one of my all-time favorites. Because of the fresh memories that the song provides, I have always looked forward to saying â€Å"I Will Always Love You† to people and places; I for instance said it when I left Europe’s arc hitectural sites. I would therefore feel obliged to sing the song at NYU, because the opportunity of studying there will leave a lasting impact in my life.#5) Please tell us what led you to select your anticipated academic program and/or NYU school/college, and what interests you most about your intended discipline.I am applying to the College of Arts and Science at New York University and hopefully major in the field of East Asian Studies, focus of study being: Chinese and Japanese Tradition†. Though I am born and raised in a Chinese family, I attended International School from 5th Grade onwards.The International School, provided me with the opportunity to study European, American, Native-Indian, African, Indian history and many more.   However, little of Chinese history of art was taught. This has left me with great urge of learning the history and art of my country; which is the reason why I intend to study at NYU. It is unfortunate that I have no answers when my friends from the States ask about Chinese histories, cultural rituals and many more.However, reading â€Å"China: Its History and Culture†, written by W. Scott Morton has provided me with great foundation for learning Chinese history.   It was not after reading the book that had a very understanding about the Chinese culture and values.   I think it is never too late to learn about something, especially something that is as meaningful and interesting as the history of my root, the place that I am born in.   I started looking for a transfer and NYU came across my mind.The strong faculty that NYU has will help me excel in this specific field of study.   NYU has many resources and opportunity to offer that no other university can provide. In addition, NYU’s liberal arts education will provide me with and opportunity to learn about other areas of study apart from East Asian studies.

Business information system Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business information system - Case Study Example n the case study with regard to their course and the benefits a management student expects to gain (BIS 2011, Abramowicz, Maciaszek, WeÃŒ ¨cel & International Conference on Business Process and Services Computing, 2011). It means different things to different people. However, they vary in approach, structure and style. The situation must be dealt well by the student learning in decision making and role manager situation. Several alternatives can be chosen in courses of action in the described situation being faced by the decision maker. However, there are no answers which are correct and unique in the method of case study. Class large group discussions, small group discussion, and individual preparation are the three stages of case study method comprising of different roles (BIS 2011, Abramowicz, Maciaszek, WeÃŒ ¨cel & International Conference on Business Process and Services Computing, 2011). Before each class, student’s intensive preparation is required in the method unlike teaching based on the lecture. First the case should be read thoroughly and severally to grasp the described situation with the facts being familiarized and important description of the student noted (Sharma, 2014). Thorough understanding must be acquired by the student, main protagonist identification and their relationship keeping in mind the different kinds of presentation in the case study. Speculation (non verified information), assumptions generated during discussion and case analysis and inferences which represents the judgment of individuals in a situation given. However, they are not equally valuable. Upon reliance on the facts, quality decisions can be seen (BIS 2011, Abramowicz, Maciaszek, WeÃŒ ¨cel & International Conference on Business Process and Services Computing, 2011). Internal evaluation part might be a case written analysis and must be properly structured when needed by a student. A structure of specific guidelines may be provided by the instructor. However, a neat and

Should the Ruler Always Keep His Word Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Should the Ruler Always Keep His Word - Essay Example It is possible to present power from an unusual perspective. This task was the most relevant to Machiavelli and he managed to open the eyes of his fans and follower and the coming generations on the real essence of power, and on power of the words. In the majority of cases Princes are focused on their own interests. They are selfish and prudent; they do not care about their people at all. Machiavelli has been focused on the relevance of the ruler and the meaning of his word. Further on this paper considers controversial and challenging moments of the statement that a ruler should not keep his word. A word of a ruler Machiavelli inspires readers. They love him for sincerity, unexpected expressions, feelings and emotions. Machiavelli claims: â€Å"One ought not, of course, to call it  virtu  to massacre one’s fellow citizens, to betray one’s friends, to break one’s word, to be without mercy and without religion. By such means one can acquire power but not glor y† (Prince online). Nowadays, the majority of politicians are focused on power. They consider it as an enormous blessing and there is no doubt that even the modern politicians cannot look further than their nose. Machiavelli and his feeling of patriotism, multiplied by a possibility to exist among other politicians and clerk were the main triggers for further developments of his political ideas. Actually, Machiavelli described people as masters and slaves. A former group of people is more powerful and it is appropriate for them to take care about themselves only. Slaves, or common people, in accordance with Machiavelli, are narrow-minded and follow the laws of the ruler, like an obedient herd of ships (Bagley, 1989). Therefore, it is possible to suggest, that Machiavelli wants to describe a dual nature of a human being. There are two origins in the nature of every man: on the one hand, we choose: "What [classical writers] intended to convey, with this story of rulers’ b eing educated by someone who was half beast and half man, was that it is necessary for a ruler to know when to act like an animal and when like a man; and if he relies on just one or the other mode of behavior he cannot hope to survive" (Prince online). This explanation can be correlated with a developed system of people, i.e. Masters and Slaves (Alter, 1999). Masters know how to behave with their slaves; they impose perverted laws on them and they have no doubts that their Slaves would follow all their needs and wants. When it goes about Masters’ words or the ways of behavior, they have sharp minds and can easily choose appropriate strategies and the ways of behavior. A Master uses beasty features, turns into a lion and can easily conquer his enemies. A Master turns into a fox, when he wants to conduct his cunning laws and create traps for his Slaves. On the one hand, it is appropriate for a ruler to choose different strategies of behavior. Otherwise it is impossible to reig n. On the other hand, what can be said about a ruler if he does not keep his word? He can lose respect and trust of his people. Only a feeling of fear can prevent people from real protesting. In this case, the Prince can behave in whatever he wants, because he will get no resistance from people around him. There are many things, which are permitted for the king, but these deeds are forbidden for a slave. Machiavelli claims that there are many sins and every man

Current Issue In Accounting (Accounting Theory) Essay

Current Issue In Accounting (Accounting Theory) - Essay Example Accounting is considerably a measurement tool since it assesses the value and returns of the company in comparison to the costs. The measurement of fair values (FV) of assets is inclusive of numerous aspects, for example, market risk or credit risk. According to Schroeder, Clark & Cathey (2010) the U.S GAAP standards differ in specificity of the valuation models. Some corporations determine the fair value (FV) of their assets and liabilities as a net amount, and not them in their singularity. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) emphasizes that is imperative for corporations to associate their measurements on their business strategy approach (Schroeder, Clark & Cathey 2010). Part A: Measurement in Accounting Theory Measurement of financial statements encompasses the inclusion of accounting principles that will establish the true worth of the corporation of item (Schroeder, Clark& Cathey 2010). Some of the regulators of financial institutions argue that measurement of all f inancial instruments can generate predicaments in assessing the true value of the commodities. As such, measurement in accounting entails a collection of theories that conform to particular items but not a general formula. According to Christian and Musvoto (2011), there is no single approach to measurement theory. They assert that measurement theory in accounting can exist in two forms, which include â€Å"Representation Theory of Measurement† and â€Å"Classical Theory of Measurement† (Christian & Musvoto 2011). Representational measurement is what accounting standards are utilizing to in valuing the progress and items of an institution. Measurement models a. Historical cost Historical Cost entails recording the financial assets in the market value that was given to acquire it during the purchase period. The value of the asset is recorded inclusive of the liabilities that were considered during the exchange at their market values. The historical cost comprises of det ermination of the present value of the item after deducting the depreciation amount of the commodity over the years in use. The original value of the asset will be depreciated using two approaches either the â€Å"straight line method† or the â€Å"reducing balance method† (Walton & Aerts 2006). These depreciation adjustments will depend on the specification of the accounting principles applied by the company. The deductions on the assets of the institutions are made to the prior valuations and not the current values of the assets (Pratt 2011). The assets and liabilities held for trading functions is recorded under the market value method but the long-term financial products, for example, loans are measured under the historical cost approach. Advantages of Historical cost The asset is valued at the initial price and not at the market value thus making it easier to ascertain the useful life of the asset. Initial costs are better at ascertaining the true value of the com modity and an individual can prudently determine the gains from it (Walton & Aerts 2006). In addition, historical cost is easily comprehensive than the alternative measurement models since it entails adjustments to the consideration value of the asset. Subsequently, it is not intricate to calculate the historical cost, unlike other models since most of the costs have been determined. Disadvantages According to Walton &

Sony Corp Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sony Corp - Research Paper Example orporation is a part of the parent company which is known as Sony group and Sony group has four different operating segments like motion pictures, electronics, financial services and music. Thus Sony has become one of the largest entertainment companies in the world. Sony Group was founded by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morito and they have derived the name Sony from a Latin word sonus which means sound and also from an English word sonny which means presentable and smart young men in Japanese. The original name of the company was Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo which means Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation. The company started using its initials TTK to market itself. But soon the owners realized the American public could not relate to that name TTK. Therefore, in the year 1958, the name was changed to Sony. The current share price of Sony Corporation is $17.63 per share at NYSE and on other stock exchanges it is 1761 Japanese yen per share. For the historical prices we have taken the share price of the previous two years starting from January 2012 to 14th march 2014. From the following table we can see that the monthly price per share from the month of January 2012 to 3rd march 2014. The daily price per share for the given period is shown in the appendix. From the above graph we can see that the share price of Sony was high during March 2012 but the share prices went down during the period of September to November 2012. It again started to increase from January 2013 and reach the highest level during September and October 2013. After that it has slightly went down but it is continuing in stable phase in these first three months of 2014. The nature of share of Sony Corporation can be measured by Earning per share and market price per share ratio. P/E ratio is the most common method to measure whether the stock is good or not. Generally, shares which have higher P/E ratio are considered as expensive and shares with lower P/E ratio are considered as cheap. But

Marketing Audit and set Marketing Objectives for British American Assignment

Marketing Audit and set Marketing Objectives for British American Tobacco Company - Assignment Example The threats facing the company include the illicit and counterfeit trade, stringent regulations, high excise taxes and stiff competition. BAT can use its strengths to exploit opportunities in the e-cigarette customer segment, lucrative China market or make strategic acquisitions in emerging markets. BAT is a leading global tobacco company that was founded in 1902. The company has operates in more than 200 countries and has attained success through acting responsibly in the controversial tobacco industry (Lussier 2008). BAT has a diverse product portfolio that includes more than 200 brands that are sold in more than 200 markets across the world. The market is estimated at one billion adult smokers and some of the global brands include Dunhill, Pall Mall, Rothmans, Benson & Hedges, and Lucky Strike. Yach and Bettcher (2000) outlines that BAT has a strong presence in all geographical markets such as Americas, Asia-Pacific Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa and has established 45 cigarette factories in 41 countries across the world (p 210). The traditional BAT tobacco products include the cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco while the next-generation products that are more innovative include the electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn devices (Hagele 2010). According to the 2013 financial results, BAT attained strong market and strong earnings growth despite unfavourable operating environment and currency movements in some parts of the world. The company increased its diluted earnings per share by 6 percent in 2013 and total dividends were increased by 6 percent. The company managed to sell 676 billion cigarettes in more than 200 market and recorded 15,260 million pounds in revenues. BAT adopted a new vision and new strategy in 2013 that reflects the needs of the consumers. BAT has implemented a sustainability approach to its

Business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Business environment - Essay Example These include social, political, economical and technological. These factors can make or break a business. In simple words the outside environments consists of stakeholders. A stakeholder is any group within or outside the organization that has a stake in the organization's performance. External environment mainly consists of people who have stakes in the activities of the business such as the government, local population, pressure groups and investors. To illustrate how these people are affected by the organization's activities, let's look at some examples: The factor that I consider to be the most important in the external environment is social and cultural values that have to be followed and respected by the businesses. If this business does not follow the social values of the country, it will face a legal action against it and will have to shut down. This is how social and political factors are related. So, no business can prosper if ignores the social environment of the country it is operating in. This obligation of organization management to make decision and take actions in conformity with the normal social values and practices of the country, which enhances the welfare and interest of the society, is known as the social responsibility of the business and it cannot survive if it chooses to ignore this factor. Although at first, it might become very complex to grasp the concept of social environment b... Although at first, it might become very complex to grasp the concept of social environment because different people have different thoughts about as to which actions will improve the society's welfare. Social factor is wide a category which also includes the ethical practices of the businesses, its conformity with the tradition of the country and its responsibility to follow legal laws of the country. As already discussed above, social environment is linked with the business's legal, ethical and discretionary policies. Similarly, social environment may also affect the political, technological and economic environment, either directly or through a series of patterns. All modern societies lay down ground rules, laws and regulation that businesses are expected to follow. The respect that the business has for these rules and regulations defines the legal responsibility in the social environment for the business. Businesses are expected to fulfill their economic goals within the legal framework. For example, oil companies may be asked that they are allowed emit only a certain amount of gases in the environment. Their failure to follow this legal instruction will mean that they have violated the necessary requirement and for that they may be sued or forced to shut down. Similarly, companies producing waste may be asked, not to dump this waste in the places of scenic beauties such as beaches, island etc. If they still do this then they are ignoring their legal responsibility in the social environment. If they are found guilty they may be fined or kicked out of the country. So, all businesses are expected to follow these laws. Since, most of the laws ar e made by political setup of the country,

Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Criminology - Essay Example ibute to the rise of such crimes in the cities, include the population density in the cities, level of education and unemployment rates (Baltic, 2011). Other related crimes that augment the prevalence of aggravated assaults include drug peddling and underage drinking. However, the prevalence of aggravated assault in the three cities decreased significantly, the rate of aggravated assault in Detroit fir example decreased by about 2% in the last two years. St. Luis for example had a higher prevalence of drugs and illegal guns in the city. Lack of effective border security coupled with weak immigration laws make the United States susceptible to illegal guns and drugs from such neighboring countries as Mexico. Illegal guns and the complex illegal drug business are among the factors that influence the prevalence of aggravated assaults. Within the last two years, the police departments in the cities revamped their efforts in controlling drug and substance abuse. The efficiency of the police helped reduce the levels of the aggravated assaults in the cities. Additionally, improving statistics on the levels of employment and education in the cities are among the factors accounting for the decrease in the rates of aggravated assaults in the three cities am ong many others throughout the United

Medically fraigle Children in Foster Care Research Paper

Medically fraigle Children in Foster Care - Research Paper Example While some technological dependant children that are born with serious medical conditions require extensive specialized services such as bronchio pulmonary dysplasia requires oxygen support and breathing machines. Every year number of children enters into protective custodies like foster homes where they are given not only medical treatment but also love and support. These foster and adoptive homes are survivors for these medically fragile children who meet the needs of these children (RNformation, 2005). Thus in order to properly meet the needs of these children it is advisable that more and more foster and adoption homes should be opened so that their needs can be satisfied. Despite medical intervention services and various other technologies the aggregate number of children who are medically fragile is also increasing. As according to the 1989 finding, it is reported that approximately 10-15 % of the children in United States have chronic health conditions and 1 million of these children face disabling and costly conditions. Furthermore 17000 to 100,000 children are technological dependent (Cernoch, 1992). But there is a growing trend as now there are larger numbers of medically fragile ch ildren who avail the services of foster homes. All over the world this care has risen, as in 2005 there were 625 children in Washoe County’s Foster Care in the month of March but in April and May four children with Type 1 diabetes came into care (RNformation, 2005). Thus there is special need for more and more foster homes because they medically fragile children need these specialized services for their betterment and for their living. To cater to the needs of these medically fragile children intensive foster care, clinical services and other specialized programs should be initiated that would provide treatment services. These children exceptional needs should be well catered through

Bottlenecks in Process Essay Example for Free

Bottlenecks in Process Essay There are series of tasks needs to be completed for successful execution of the process. The slowest task in the successive steps of operation determines the capacity of process. As the neck of the bottle lessens the speed of flow in bottle, the slowest task in the process in called the bottleneck as it impedes the efficiency of operational activities through highest throughput rate or longest cycle time. Identification of bottleneck is necessary for correct analysis of process capacity, which can help in improving the overall performance of operational activities (NetMBA, n. d. ).Laundry is one of the tasks in the home that takes more time, because require a process to have it done. Cycle time is defined as time required for the completing the identified task if it is repeated. So, Pareto chart reflects that the main bottleneck in the process of laundry is sorting operation. The Sorting process has largest cycle time in the mechanical operation of the laundry except the automatic process of washing and drying operations, which has least scope of improvement without changing the equipment. The whole process can be in equilibrium if each activity consumes equal time. But this happens rarely.Bottleneck is important area of concern, which helps in taking necessary measures to improve the overall process. We can apply the five focusing steps to improve the performance of the system. The application of 5 focusing steps in theory of constraints. Five focusing steps are laundry preparation is defined as follows: 0. Goal of the System – In the process of laundry, the goal of the system is to wash and dry the cloths in minimum time. 1. Identification of the constraint – The pre-sorting of cloths using quick sorter is critical factor in reducing the sorting time in Laundry Process. 2.  Exploitation of the constraint – The overall output of the laundry preparation depends on the output of the constraint. If sorting process is taking too much time to do the laundry for each type of durable, delicate and normal cloths, other members has to compensate with compromising their leisure time to attend other tasks. 3. Subordinate other works to the constraint – Since pre-sorting the cloths can be done each day to put the cloths in drawer of appropriate label, it will reduce the overall process time of laundry on the day of laundry by unfolding the socks in available and taking care of detergents and liquid fabric softener. . Minimize the constraint – Some investment like products like quick sorter from market can improve the sorting time. It can be helpful in minimizing the constraint. 5. Iteration for further improving the system – If goal is not achieved, it can be started further from step 0 to improve the system by working on other bottlenecks also. 6. Change the system – If system does not respond to any techniques of improvement, it can be replaced by better system to get the best result. But that will be the last option. Conclusion  Using bottlenecks to improve the productivity off system in theory of constraints. Once bottleneck is eliminated or reduced to considerable extent, other task can be identified as new area of focus to improve the performance of the process. In my daily activities, next bottleneck in laundry process of unfolding socks is much faster than sorting. Hence, we can say that the main bottleneck has significant impact on the capacity of process whereas second bottleneck has limited concern in the efficiency of process. Reference http://www.netmba.com/operations/process/analysis/

The Third Gender The Hijra Sociology Essay

The Third Gender The Hijra Sociology Essay In western culture, gender and sex have been described under two distinct realms-male and female. These identities to some are determined solely biologically, and many are oblivious to the fact that in many cultures, different genders are present. One of the most prominent third genders is based in South Asia, specifically India. Known as the hijra, they have grown to become a prominent and well-known member of Indian society, but have suffered from discrimination and have struggled for their basic fundamental rights. Based in India, the hijra are physiological males who identify themselves as females at an early age, wearing womens clothing and performing stereotypical female gender roles. Indian society refers to the hijra as a third gender. They are not female nor male, but a separate entity who carries their own culture, values and traditions. In relation to the western world, the closest form to the hijra would be known as a transgender. The hijras trace their origins back to the religious era of the deity Ram. As told in the Ramayana epic, just before his sojourn into the wilderness, Ram instructed all men and women who had come to see him off to return to their village. The hijras, being neither men nor women stayed at Rams point of departure until his return years later. Upon seeing their devotion, Ram blessed them and promised them the right to rule during the final age of mankind (Amisha_2010:835). As religion is a major aspect of Indian culture, much of the hijras history is based off the Indian polytheistic religious era. As religion is of great importance to the hijra, this event historically marked their first interaction with the Indian gods. Many hijra undergo a painful castration process known as nirvan to officially identify as a hijra. This process of the upmost importance as it ends with the new hijra embracing the femininity he has identified himself with his entire life. The process has been documented: His transformation is nearly complete as he prostrates his naked body before the murti of Bahuchara Mata, praying for her blessings. When he stands, his chela (guru) will complete the ceremony with two swift slices of the long blade, permanently severing his manhood. The remaining blood that gushes from the cut is considered the last of the male part. Hot sesame seed oil will be poured over the open wound, which will later be prodded repeatedly to ensure that the urethra remains open. No anesthesia or surgical tools are available, for it is believed that medically performed castration would diminish the spiritual experience of the ritual. (Patel_2010:835) Once the castration process is completed, the hijras both physically and spiritually feel as though they have transformed themselves. As the hijra undergo a physical transformation, they also follow a strict household structure. Members of the gharana, the communal hijra household, ardently support the hijra code. The hijras maintain the basic family hierarchy. The GWU report states, An elder naik oversees the basic running of the household, and chelas initiate hijras and turn over a portion of their earnings for household expenses. In addition, all hijras pay a fee to the jamat, or congregation of hijra house leaders recognized within the larger community. (Patel_2010:836) Many houses are situated relatively close together. As much of Indian society and culture rejects the hijra, the hijra feel it is necessary to isolate themselves from the mainstream culture. Not only does this give the hijra a sense of community, but it also preserves their security and safety. Despite these protective measures, hijras remain a marginalized group in a country that continues to ostracize them. India is two-sided in its social perception of the hijra lifestyle. As a community, Indian society treats hijras with a combination of fascination, revulsion, and fear (Patel_2010:836). As a means of survival, hijras predominantly participate in begging and prostitution. For a small fee, they also perform badhai-local families sometimes welcome them into their homes to bless auspicious births or weddings (Patel_2010:836). For the most part, however, sex work is the most profitable option for the hijra. As a result, Indias hijras struggle as an ostracized social class, subject to gender violence and various other human rights violations. There are very few domestic policies protecting hijras. Although there have been recent pushes for their rights, few have been successful. The hijra have struggled to enjoy the basic human rights many Indians enjoy. Most importantly, Indian law does not recognize them as a third gender. This denies them the right to vote, the right to own property, the right to marry and the right to claim formal identity through any official documents such as a passport or driving license. Accessing healthcare, employment or education becomes almost impossible. In the face of such odds they are forced to earn money any way they can (Harvey_2008:html1). Hijras are regularly robbed and sexually assaulted on the street at the hands of gangs and other local thugs. A hijra who served as chairperson of a human rights organization said, We have no constitutional rights. That is the problem. We dont have voting rights; often we cannot get housing. This is not allowing us to have an identity of our own (Harvey_2008:html1). Reports show however, that attitudes are gradually beginning to change. An initial difficulty in addressing the rights of sexual minorities is in recognizing the differences between the concepts of sex and gender. Sex, by definition, operates within the classic binary biological model, in which the human species is clearly divided into neat categories of either male or female (Patel_2010:836). Gender, however, is a more inclusive term, which includes social constructs of personal belief and sexuality that have deeper meaning than the traditional biological sex distinction (Patel_2010:836). In addition, the classic Western binary models of sex-male and female-and sexuality-homosexual and heterosexual-do not fit neatly into Indias traditional concepts of gender and identity. As a result, hijras are the unknown-the intersex gender between male and female in India. Although the hijra have been ostracized for many years, conditions are slowly starting to improve. As technology and media communication have vastly improved in India, more people are beginning to not only notice the presence of the Hijra, but also appreciate it. The Hijra have formed unions to organize protests for their human rights and will continue to fight for legislation until they are satisfied. India has taken many steps toward recognizing transgender rights. In recent years, hijras have become increasingly visible in the political arena. After gaining the right to vote in 1994, a few have held political office in various states in India, and often have the support of religiously affiliated majority parties as safe candidates. In 2000, Kamla Jaan, a hijra in the state of Madhya Pradesh, was elected mayor of Katni after running as an indepen- dent. Indian society perceives hijras as un-entrenched political candidates-secular, casteless, and asexual-simultaneously able to understand the plight of the downtrodden and able to gather the support of outsiders. Furthermore, mainstream society has recast these candidates as embodiments of respect and morality, above traditional corruption that permeates Indian politics. As a result of their improved prominence, India has taken some effective measures in acknowledging the legal status of hijras. For example, there are three distinct gender classification choices available on the Indian Passport-ma le, female, and others' (Patel_2010:836). In addition, the prominence of hijras in the media has fostered increased social acceptance of transgendered individuals. Thus far, the state of Tamil Nadu seems the most accepting. There, a transsexual hosts a local talk show called Ippadikku Rose. The state also hosts an annual transgender festival to facilitate accept- ance of hijras into mainstream society. In addition, hijras are making appearances in the fashion industry, and recent Bollywood films portray them in a positive light. In 1994, the South Indian film Tamanna portrayed the life of a hijra who saves a young girl from life on the streets and later adopts her. In 2008, a hijra was cast as the first transgender in the country with a lead role in a mainstream Tamil movie. Despite receiving some recognition and social acceptance, hijras remain an ostracized and differentiated social class. Hijras struggle to reconcile their physical visibility with the invisibility of their community as a whole. In the end, however, community invisibility makes hijras susceptible to gender violence and other human rights abuses. By creating and recognizing transgender rights, India has the capacity to battle its current HIV/AIDS epidemic in a meaningful way, give real effect to the human rights of sexual minorities, and serve as a model for other nations to recognize gender-based rights. In order to accomplish these goals, however, India must repeal current discriminatory laws and enact equal opportunity legislation on the basis of gender and sexuality. In order for there to be meaningful change, formal legislation must be passed, and with the help of the human rights activists and unions, the legislation could very well happen. Works Consulted Amisha, R. P. (2010). INDIAS HIJRAS: THE CASE FOR TRANSGENDER RIGHTS[dagger]. The George Washington International Law Review, 42(4), 835-863. Nick Harvey http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/2008/05/hijras-indian-changing-rights (Hijras Indian Changing Rights) The Hijras of India http://lisa.cs.duke.edu/~john/finalproject/ Khan, S. I., Hussain, M. I., Parveen, S., Bhuiyan, M. I., Gourab, G., Sarker, G. F., . . . Sikder, J. (2009). Living on the extreme margin: Social exclusion of the transgender population (hijra) in bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 27(4), 441-51. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy.library.vanderbilt.edu/docview/202996682?accountid=14816

Analysis of Unforeseen Results of Technological Advance Essay -- Techn

Throughout history technology and technological advances have shaped our lives, our culture and our world. Everyday new technologies are being created that change our world, both for the better and for the worse, both expected and unexpected. Since there have been technological advances, there have been unexpected consequences of those advances. Advances like the stirrup, the industrial revolution, mass production, the clock, advances in medicine and domestic technology have all had unanticipated consequences which have had profound effects on our society, and our planet. Around the Dark Ages the stirrup came to Europe. It was brought by nomadic Asian tribes as they travelled west. First accepted by the Frankish tribes, it allowed for the first use of effective heavy cavalry. Before this it was too difficult to balance on horse back with heavy armour, so cavalry was limited to mainly reconnaissance and scouting. Heavy cavalry quickly became a powerful weapon for medevil kings, and this eventually brought about the invention of knights. Knights were used as shock tactics, they would charge enemy lines and send them into disarray. This tactic became extremely effective. With the invention of knights came the Feudal System. The Feudal System was basis of Medevil European society. Kings would award land to people in return for the service of a knight for a certain amount of time each year. This way the king would have access to knights and people would be able to acquire land in return for them. Although the stirrup was originally just used for better su pport while on horse back, it unexpectedly brought about the invention of the greatest weapon in Medevil Europe and with them, the basis for European society at that time. During t... ...the advances did was make the work less physically demanding, that meant that women did not need the help of men and children to do the work, all the advances did was make housework more efficient, but just as time consuming as before. Women still hard the bulk of the household workload and were for the most part not free to pursue careers. In conclusion, it is evident that throughout history technological advances have produced unexpected consequences for the world. Examples like the stirrup, the industrial revolution, mass production, the mechanical clock, medical science and the birthing process, and domestic technology have shown that there are serious social, economic, and cultural consequences that may arise. It also shows that we can expect more unanticipated consequences as we continue to make more and more technological advances in all aspects of science

Essay --

Is this a quote that you would believe to be some one that would be considered an effective visionary leader â€Å" If you're afraid of the future, then get out of the way, stand aside. The people of this country are ready to move again.†. Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan was one of our nations most effective visionary leader of the twentieth century, evident by his vision of â€Å"beginning a era of national renewal† and his relentless pursuit for world peace and the end of the Cold War. I will begin by first explaining why I believe Reagan was an effective visional leader by his use of the Transformational Leadership style and how it reenergized US government and the American public, and then describe his ability to understand diversity and how it was the key in setting the foundation to end the Cold War and to promote world peace. To view someone as a visionary leader you might want to have a little background on them as a man or woman, lest look at Ronald Reagan as t he man that became our Nations leader. Ronald Wilson Reagan was always in the front of the public eye; Reagan’s first passion was that of an actor. From 1935-1965 Reagan was involved with in radio broadcasting, television shows and was staring in over 50 Hollywood films. Through out his early years Reagan was seen as a leader evident by his selection as the student body President in high school and later on at Eureka (Illinois) College. He enlisted in to the Army Reserve as a Private but was soon promoted to Second Lieutenant in the Officers Reserve Corps of the Cavalry in 1937. He was call to active duty in the Army Air Force and assigned to the 1st Motion Picture Unit in Culver City California where was involved with making over 400 training films from 1942 thru 1945. ... ...large step towards world peace, thus this is way I believe he was an effective visionary leader. I have given you a little background on Ronald W. Reagan the man and a leader. Then I explained to you, two areas that I feel that make Reagan an effective visionary leader. The first area was how he effectively uses of Transformation Leadership style through his vision, thinking, charisma and caring approach inspired a nation to embrace and move forward after a decade of hardship. Seconded area I covered was how he fully embraced Cognitive/Behavioral and Demographic Diversity in accomplishing his vision of promoting world peace and setting the foundation to ending the Cold War. In closing I would like to leave you with this closing remake for Reagan: "What I'd really like to do is go down in history as the President who made Americans believe in themselves again.†

The Death Penalty is a Necessary Deterrent to Crime Essay -- Exemplifi

The Death Penalty is a Necessary Deterrent to Crime    Murder and rape are serious crimes, although they aren't the only crimes that could be considered serious. Others that might be considered are stealing, which has numerous categories under it such as grand theft auto, etc†¦ The following story is the true account of a young female named Donna. This story tells of Donna's rape and then her murder by a man named McCorquodale and his friend Leroy. The author is telling this story in order to create the mental picture of what murder and rape really are. "†¦The appellant, after telling Donna how pretty she was, raised his fist and hit her across the face. When she stood up, he grabbed her by her blouse, ripping it off and tied her hands behind her back with a nylon stocking. Then he bound her mouth with tape and a washcloth. Leroy then kicked Donna and she fell to the floor. McCorquodale then had [forced] intercourse with her. . . Then Leroy had [forced] intercourse with the victim. . . The victim was then permitted to go to the bathroom to 'get cleaned up.' While she was in the bathroom, McCorquodale secured a piece of nylon rope and told Bonnie, her roommate, that he was going 'to kill the girl.' He hid in a closet across the hall from the bathroom and when Donna came out of the bathroom he wrapped the nylon cord around her neck. Donna screamed, 'My God, you're killing me.' As McCorquodale tried to strangle her, the cord cut into his hands and Donna fell to the floor. He fell on top of her and began to strangle her with his bare hands. He removed his hands and the victim began to have convulsions. He again strangled her and then pulled her head up and forward to break her neck. [After killing her] he covered her life... ...rred by the death penalty. In Schonebaum, S.E. (Ed.), Does capital punishment deter crime? (pp. 45-46) San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc. Sowell, T. & DiIulio, J. Jr. (1997) The death penalty is a deterrent. In Winters, P.A.(Ed.), The death penalty opposing view points (pp. 103-107). San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc. Specter, A. (1997) A swifter death penalty would be an effective deterrent. In Winters, P.A. (Ed.), The death penalty opposing view points (pp. 114-119). San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc. Specter, A. (1998) A swifter death penalty would be an effective deterrent. In Schonebaum, S.E. (Ed.), Does capital punishment deter crime? (pp. 87-96) San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc. The death penalty will discourage crime (1701). In Winters, P.A. (Ed.), The death penalty opposing view points (pp. 17-20). San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc.

The Theories of Creationism and Evolution

Creationism is the belief that all life and matter on this planet was created by a god or supreme being. It states that a god is the creator of all, and that he (or she) created everything out of nothing. This is a strong belief of many, and seriously contradicts scientific thinking. One can not mention creationism and not say something about the Bible s creation story. It takes place over seven days in which God creates the universe out of nothing. And the earth was without shape and void (genesis 1:1) The breakdown of creation is as follows: Day 1 God made light and separated it from the dark, making day and night. Day 2 God created the water below and the sky above. Day 3 God made earth and made plants grow on it in abundance. Day 4 God created the moon, the sun, the stars and the planets. Day 5 God made the birds of the sky and the creatures of the deep seas. Day 6 God created the animals and the human beings of earth. Day 7 God rested after work. This explanation of creation is preached in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Ever since the idea of evolution came about, (see Part II) creation scientist, have been trying to prove their theory over evolution. They cite these major issues: 1. There are no transitional links and intermediate forms in either the fossil record or the modern world, which means, there is no actual evidence that evolution has occurred either in the past or the present. 2. Natural selection (the supposed evolution mechanism, along with mutations) is incapable of advancing an organism to a â€Å"higher-order. 3. Although evolutionists state that life resulted from non-life, matter resulted from nothing, and humans resulted from animals, each of these is an impossibility of science and the natural world. 4. The supposed hominids (creatures in-between ape and human that evolutionists believe used to exist) bones and skull record used by evolutionists often consists of `findsÙŽ which are thoroughly unrevealing and inconsistent. They are neither clear nor conclusive even though evolutionists present them as if they were. 5. Nine of the twelve popularly supposed hominids are actually extinct apes/ monkeys and not part human at all. 6. The final three supposed hominids put forth by evolutionists are actually modern human beings and not part monkey/ ape at all. Therefore, all twelve of the supposed hominids can be explained as being either fully monkey/ ape or fully modern human but not as something in between. 7. The rock strata finds (layers of buried fossils) are better explained by a universal flood than by evolution. Using these and other arguments, Creationists (those who believe in creationism) have fought for what they believe and so far have made some interesting impacts in the nation and around the world. For instance, recently in Kansas, the school board decreed that evolution was to be taken off the science curriculum. It was not to be taught. At all. Part II Evolution: The belief that all life evolved, or mutated into what it is today. Charles Darwin started off the whole evolution revolution after studying creatures in the Galapagos Islands. He published his controversial book, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which appeared in 1859. Darwin is hailed as the father of modern theories of evolution. Common usage of the word â€Å"evolution† is the idea that living things in our world have come into being through unguided natural processes starting from a primeval soup of subatomic particles and radiation, over approximately 20 billion years. The idea of evolution that was stated above can be infinitely explained using a combination of the following four studies: 1. Cosmology is the branch of astronomy that deals with the origin and formation of the general structure of the universe. 2. Abiogenesis refers to first life, which is the production of living things from inanimate matter. 3. Macro-evolution or general evolution refers the progression to more complex forms of life. The way of macro-evolution, including whether or not micro-evolution over a long enough time leads to macro-evolution, can be regarded as a â€Å"research topic.† 4. Micro-evolution or speciation refers to population and species change throughout time. There are many examples of speciation, if by the development of a new â€Å"species† we are referring to development of a new population of creatures which will not breed with the original population to produce viable offspring. Micro-evolution is a scientific fact which no one, including creationists, can dispute. The accepted ways if explaining micro-evolution are â€Å"mutation† and â€Å"natural selection.† Mutations are â€Å"mistakes† in the genetic material used for reproduction, which can occur for many reasons (example: as a result of exposure to radiation.) Naturally occurring mutations are very rare, and it is understood that the ones that do occur, almost all have a bad effect. The occasional positive mutation, giving some benefit to the organism, provides the â€Å"new material† for natural selection to work with. Natural selection is based on the thought that there is variation among creatures in a population. Natural selection says that those individuals who have some advantage in their environment (such as being a faster runner, having a better camouflage, etc.) are more likely to have more offspring, which makes the probability of passing the advantage on to future generations. The Peppered Moth (Biston betularia) is typically a whitish moth covered with black spots. This coloring gives an effective camouflage for the moths as they sit on some kinds of birch trees. Like people, however, these moths can be found in a range of colors from very black to very white and all the shades in between. In a famous study in England it was found that when the white trees, on which the moths sat, became dirty (dark) from pollution, birds ate more of the lighter moths, apparently missing the darker ones because of their blending in with the trees. It was no surprise that the population of darker moths increased while the lighter ones decreased. Later on, when the city got together some better pollution laws the trees returned to a lighter color. Along with this, the lighter moths proliferated and the darker ones dwindled in numbers. This is clearly natural selection in action, but is it evolution? Not really, unless natural variation within species that happens in all plants and animals is called â€Å"evolution.† The problem with calling this type of variation evolution is that it is very limited. There are, for example, over 150 breeds of dogs recognized by the AKC and more are added each year, but they are all dogs. You can select for dogs with long ears or short ears, go for big dogs or small dogs, but you can’t select for dogs with flippers. The reason is obvious, there are no genes for wings in the gene pool of the dog. Because of this, dogs will be remain dogs and Peppered Moths will be Peppered Moths. Part III Let the party begin: The fight and contrast of creationist ideas and those of evolutionists. The problem between the creationist and the evolutionists is that they have no common ground. Their theories are based on an all-or-nothing concept. If one is accepted, the other is discarded. That is just the way they are set up. Because of this, the battle rages on. Each side has had their triumphs and disappointments. Some of the best minds in the world are working to prove to all people that their ideas are better. For instance, some creationist argue there is not a single known case of a truly good mutation, one having no negative side effects. This can be easily argued with using the is not response that everybody remembers from early childhood. Unfortunately for the creationists, there is scientific evidence all science is based on theory. Theory can easily be debunked, depending on how the data is looked at. The war continues. In another instance creationists say that natural selection can only select: among already existing traits-it cannot create something new, such as dogs with wings. While this idea has not been proven false, it has not been proven true either. Evolutionists can dismiss this statement by saying that normal genetic changes take place and natural selection helps out. The spiral of argument is never ending. The reason that the two sides can never see eye to eye on anything goes beyond beliefs into semantics. Each side uses the word theory differently. Evolutionists see theory as a scientifically provable and repeatable series of circumstances. Creationists use the word theory as what someone thinks or supposes will happen. And so creationism can be called a theory equal to the theory of evolution. As far as anybody can see this struggle between these two camps has no finish. As long as there is no distinct evidence to prove one way or another, people will argue over these two theories and brainpower will be spent. Even if there were a conclusion to this battle, there would still be some who wouldn t believe, and so there would still be controversy. Who knows? Nothing can be proven.

Motorcycle Helmet Laws Essay

The NHTSA (National Highway employment base hit Administration) estimates that helmets saved 1,784 motorcyclists from death in 2007. If in all(prenominal) motorcyclists had worn helmets, an special 800 lives could lose been saved. As an avid motorbike operator, I have been in a fewer close calls of my own. Luckily for me, if something would have occurred, I would have at least been safer collectible to my pedal helmet. It is safe to say that thousands of lives could be saved all(prenominal) year by national adoption of universal helmet laws.From 1984 with 1995, helmets saved the lives of more(prenominal) than 7,400 motorcyclists. However, more than 6,300 additional deaths could have been prevented if all passengers had been wearing away helmets (tntraffic guard duty. org). in that respect atomic number 18 minor debates about 1 not feeling comfortable temporary hookup riding with a helmet beca habituate of to the load of it. However, manufacturers actualize carbo n fiber helmets that have most no weight. On average they weight around two to three pounds. They argon a bit more dear(predicate) than your average helmet. However, one roll in the hayt put a price on life. rubber should definitely be the primal factor, especially since riding a wheel is already considered dangerous in itself. The analytic thinking of fatal crash data from 2008 to 2010 showed 12 percentage of motorcyclists in nominates with universal helmet laws were not wearing helmets, but 64 percent of riders were not wearing helmets in states with fond(p) helmet laws and 79 percent werent wearing helmets in states with no helmet laws. According to CDC film director Dr. Thomas Frieden, Increasing motorcycle helmet white plague can save lives and money.In 2010, more than $3 billion in economical constitutes were saved due to helmet use in the United States. Another $1. 4 billion could have been saved if all motorcyclists had worn helmets (www. ohsonline. com). Ann ual cost savings in states with universal motorcycle helmet laws for motorcycle riders and passengers were nearly four times more per registered motorcycle than in states without them, agree to a Morbidity and Mortality Weekly spread abroad study. Annual checkup, productivity, and other costs ranged from a high of $394 million in calcium (which has a universal helmet law) to a down in the mouth of $2.6 million in unused Mexico (which has a partial law). Studies comparing infirmary costs of helmeted and un-helmeted motorcyclists involved in crashed have found costs for un-helmeted riders to average $3,000 more than for helmeted riders. And, riders who dont wear helmets are less apt(predicate) to have health insurance, resulting in the cost of their care being forced on to taxpayers.. Not only does wearing a helmet save lives, it also saves the rider money. The monetary burden for treatment and care of uninsurable motorcycle crash victims is placed on the government and taxpay ers.In 2005, Maryland estimated that a repeal of its all-rider helmet law would increase Medicaid expenditures by $1. 2 million in the premiere year and annually up to $1. 5 million thereafter. All-rider helmet laws will increase motorcycle helmet use, decrease deaths and injuries, and save taxpayer dollars. This is why all states should have a helmet law. Another curtilage that helmet laws should be passed in all states is because according to the Office of Highway Safety Planning, riders without helmets are 40% more likely to carry fatal head injuries than those with helmets, and are 15% more likely to incur nonfatal head injuries.This is why it is imperative that each state adopts a helmet law. A rider already has a disadvantage because they are not protected as they would in the cabin of a car or truck with seat belts and airbags. There is zero holding the rider down on the motorcycle at the point of an impact. So if, and when an impact occurs, the chances of a fatal soul i njury are higher in an individual who rides without a helmet on. Every state should adopt a helmet law for motorcycle drivers. Simply put, motorcycle helmets save lives. Point. Blank. Period. terminal rates from head injuries are double as high among motorcyclists in states without all-rider helmet laws. pedal helmets are 37 percent stiff in preventing motorcyclist deaths and 67 percent strong in preventing brain injuries (tnttrafficsafety. org). A helmet can possibly save the life of the rider, and whatsoever future suffering caused to their family due to manageable death and costs in medical bills. Making helmet laws mandatory will be a win-win situation for everyone.References Motorcycle safety (Rev. Oct. 1999. ed. ). (1999). Washington, D. C. U. S. Dept.of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Highway safety NHTSAs motorcycle helmet activities. (1997). Washington, D. C. The Office. Chenier, T. C. , & Evans, L. (1984). Motorcyclist fatalities and the repeal of mandatory helmet wearing laws. Warren, Mich. oecumenic Motors Research Laboratories. Motorcycle helmet use laws. (1999).Washington, DC U. S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Http//saferoads. org/files/Top%20Ten%20Reasons%20for%20Helmet%20Law%20091107. pdf Http//tntrafficsafety. org/sites/default/files/motorcyclehelmets1. pdf.

Refusal in Melville’s Bartleby, the Scrivener

The apparently quaint protagonist of Her slice Melvilles short-change story, Bartleby, the Scrivener, is a hu homosexuality whose work forcetal attitude gravels marked by general refusal in the end. After being a diligent copyist for the lawyer who narrates the story, Bartleby becomes increasingly recl pulmonary tuberculosis and resistant, until his speech is close to reduced to a single phrase I would prefer not to. His refusal to perform at his job, to frame up the office and fin every(prenominal)y to eat, seems, at first, extravagant and gratuitous. However, as it shall be seen, Bartleby embodies the bringing close together of passive resistance against oppression.The lawyer, who is here the narrator of the story as well, represents the practical and m unmatchableymaking(a) liveness. Wall Street, which is the most famous street associated with the bloodline world, becomes here a symbol of pragmatism. Significantly, the office where Bartleby is utilize is enclosed within walls that obstruct the view at the window. Bartleby, who stares at the great wall incessantly, is the idealist whose metaphysical revolt crashes against the pragmatic world of handicraft he is a part of. The story is told by a lawyer, who is obviously puzzled by Bartlebys inexplicable behavior.Because he does not know how to react to Bartlebys refusals, the lawyer attempts to play a charitable function and let him stay on the premises, without asking him to endure any more. He gives up on his bizarre scrivener however, when he sees that his business has to suffer because of Bartlebys presence. As piece of musicy other of Melvilles characters, the copyist is a Transcendentalist, who tries to see life beyond the superficial. He refuses the lawyers com bitds and offers because he believes that business makes man prohibit his own perception of a deeper reality.Bartlebys dissertation is that human action is useless, and he wraps his thesis in the form of negative preference s, giving to understand that he couldnt act otherwise precisely because it is not a simple matter of will. He seems absolutely paralyzed in inaction, gradually renouncing almost all occupation. As an explanation to the characters strange behavior, the narrator recalls that Bartlebys former employment had put him in charge of the dead letters or the letters that come reached a dead man at their destination.The former employment obviously added to Bartlebys belief in the vanity or inutility of human action in the form of business or commercial employment. Bartlebys inaction intelligibly contrasts with the agitated world of business Sometimes an lawyer having business with me, and calling at my office, and finding no one but the scrivener there, would undertake to guard some sort of precise information from him pathetic my where virtuallys but without heeding his idle talk, Bartleby would remain standing fixed in the middle of the room (Melville 38).His clash with this pragmatic world is significant he refuses to be twisting in the superficial employments of those who do not prove their own spirits and choose to live artificially. Melvilles association with Transcendentalism is recognized. Bartlebys view on life can be therefore explained with the use of the Transcendentalists philosophy. Thus, in look without Principle, Thoreau remarks that the one element that is solely opposed to poetry and life itself is business I think that there is nothing, not even crime, more opposed to poetry, to philosophy, ay to life itself, than this incessant business(Thoreau 1).Thoreau continues his idea by giving example of men who were problematical in businesses that are immoral, such as the lucky rush to California. According to Thoreau, a business which implies that one man will take advantage of another, without genuinely performing something useful, is offensive to religion and to the divinity It makes god be a moneyed gentleman who scatters a handful of penni es in order to see populace scramble for them (Thoreau 1). In the same way, in his call on the carpet Man the Reformer, Emerson criticizes the practice of business and commerce, when these surpass mans primary needs.According to Emerson, to the extent that it is possible, man should think on his own powers for at least a part of the manual labor, in order to have a direct relation to the world unless the doctrine of the Farm is merely this, that every man ought to stand in primary relations with the hold out of the world, ought to do it himself, and not to suffer the accident of his having a purse in his pocket, or his having been bred to some dishonourable and injurious craft, to sever him from those duties (Emerson 1).Thoreaus and Emersons ideas about business are illustrated by Bartlebys attitude towards his employers profession and the world of Wall Street. Bartleby is reactive to the fact that such an employment keeps men from enjoying life for its real value. His peculia r behavior and his absolute refusal of the lawyers proposals show that he holds a variant view of life, than that of the common people.Bartlebys contemplative temper is a further hint that he is immersed in thoughts and meditations and refuses to take part in the shallow activities of the men who surround him. The main character is Melvilles short story is therefore a social misfit, who refuses to acknowledge the superficial world of business that the modern man has walled himself in. With the Transcendentalists, Bartleby is focused on contemplation and understanding of the deeper reality, refusing to become involved in a world of short and purely materialistic concerns.? Works Cited Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Man the Reformer. The Transcendentalist, 2001. Ed. J. Johnson Lewis. Retrieved at July 30, 2009. http//www. emersoncentral. com/manreform. htm. Melville, Hermann. The Complete Shorter Fiction. London Everymans Library, 1997. Thoreau, Henry David. Life without principle. The Tr anscendentalist, 2001. Ed. J. Johnson Lewis. Retrieved at July 30, 2009. http//www. transcendentalists. com/life_without_principle. htm.

Invisible japanese gentlemen Essay

A host of octet Nipponese gentlemen nigh(prenominal) of them wore render and most of the m they were cheering. They talked in a non rattling(prenominal) perceivable language. A well-favored materialization madam redheaded hairs-breadth and passably missy. She had adulterate f eraseures and a beautiful face. She go steadyed factual sophisticated. And her fianc He musical noteed re exclusivelyy fully gr suffer too. He was truly same to her fianc, he looked from the senior high socialite. The vote counter physically he is in the aspect of the compo mystifyion. The base of this laconic fable make a rattling(prenominal) verbal description of apiece of the characters. physically he is in the linguistic context of the baloney, sit d accept in a contrary table, upturned most this exceptional matet which called him attention. He is flavor some(prenominal) tables hardly he real got implicated with the i where the couple was sit. The o bservations that atomic number 18 do by the causality of the degree makes us, as readers to a greater extent conscious(p) to the highest degree what is going a counsel on with the couple. We gouge place their worries, in particular the ones of the young lady, roughly her coming(prenominal) as a author and in any case her concerns closely the get hitched with and their coming(prenominal) as a couple. The teller is sitting at a table, alone, and observes a pigeonholing of eight Nipponese gentlemen having dinner party together, and beyond them a juvenile British couple. The Nipponese tell quietly and courteously to all(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal), unceasingly smiling and bowing, crispen each other and making speeches in Nipponese which the narrator doesnt in sure and describes in patronizing, derogative terms. septette of the Japanese gentlemen erosion glasses. They eat tip and later(prenominal) a yield salad for dessert. The Japanese Gentlemen atomic number 18 in the ancestry a distractor and past we jackpot recognise that are thorough in this mulct story. They campaign to presentation us an all important(predicate) singularity of the girls personality. tear down though at the fountain of the story she searched sound and a fair author, afterwards we discharge put that she is non a legal generator because she is not a reasoned observer. She is on the stillton a girl who is overturned some her future tense and her life history and she does not seem resembling a real generator because she does not claimthe designer to look beyond things. That is wherefore the story is called The imperceptible Japanese Gentlemen because finished her look Japanese Gentlemen were cryptograph they were well-nigh invisible. She was so concerned closely her own picayune worries that she go forth the eating house and she did not incur a look at them. Although they sit uttermost away, the narrator catc hes their conversation.The picturesque raw adult effeminate is a writer The female acquaintance is a schoolboyish char who has fitting written her head start novel. She is very challenging and is everto a greater extent nerve-wracking to gratify her publishing firm called Mr. Dwight. In parliamentary law to be flourishing she changes the gentle of her retain in concord to her publishing firms wishes. She believably belongs to the amphetamine classes which becomes straightforward in the way she speaks. She is very self- centered, lecture all the measure just slightly her problems without earshot to her fiance. She is preoccupied to his feelings. She has no doubts to the highest degree her supremacy in the future. Her fianc is a wine-merchant who has been offered a well- paying(a) subscriber line by his uncle. He merely listens to his fiance and doesnt hang his own plans and wishes. It becomes manifest that he isnt sure intimately marrying her. He is disgruntled with his situation. He is more guarded about the future. He is a realist maybe, but his fianc is not. writer is both prehensile of the girl, because she is at the beginning of something and still has the power to trance her future, and sympathetic, because shes four-year-old abundant to be his daughter and he would standardised to drop dead his acquire to her so as to stay her from disappointments .

Life of a Corrections Officer Essay

existence a subject policeman is non an blue-blooded seam. both(prenominal) and both study officeholder has a occasional subroutine, centering, riskiness, and has to experience to win conformation of completely flimflam. e rattling solar day metre cadence in a prison running(a) with gyps bottom of the inning be a scrap both(prenominal) old age whitethorn count easier than otherwise(a)wise days. thither is a periodic routine and scroll that severally rectification ships ships incumbent has to light to term with. The tasks could be imprintings in the h 1y oil to oversee bunko games on the subject field crew. The troubles vary with individually military military policeman. save no division which line of intellecting, severally integrity is or onlyt joint be in truth emphasiseful when it go intos to agreeing and holding bunko games in localize. all(prenominal) job dejection be actually tenorful, except it is up to the castigation policeman to expect corrective actions in a well-bred route.A subject atomic number 18a police military military incumbent has a job usual to master(prenominal)tain stamp d receive and order at bottom a prison (Seiter, 2011, p.390). either(prenominal)(prenominal) day apiece bunko has to be nether supervision at all times and for each one chastisement military policeman thrusts sure as shooting that earnest is kept up(p) properly. distributively and e truly rectification incumbent has an designate job they ca commit to perform. there be commonly septenary categories that a castigation officer shadow be delegate to. These categories hold hold units, work plane sectionicular proposition supervisors, industrial deceive and take officers, gee officers, nerve make grants, molding tribute and moderateness officers. individually proper( extendnominal) appellative has post orders, a precise definition of the activiti es that ar required to be performed throughout the day, visions includes the time they atomic number 18 to excrete(Seiter,2011,p.391). stance orders is to branch the discipline officer how to do each item assignment. individually assignment that is performed has a time schedule. The castigation officer overly has to news subject atomic number 18a a dilate report on the assignment. either dainty, of e actually day spot the bailiwick officer is on duty, it real crucial. For instance, one minute an officer whitethorn be go buncos to their cells and therefore the attach toing minute, they could be faulting up a fight. The briny dissipate of be a field of study officer is to neer register both signs of religious servicelessness to e real confidence games.If all signs of flunk be shown, the inmates reinforcement back and pass on engagement that a formst the officer and picture everything to kick in that officer stilt. With an inmate using a n officers flunk against them, drive out wee a heap of melodic line and danger to the castigation officer. underline is very verit adequate to(p)(prenominal) with beness a field officer. underline croupe write out from extra time shifts, non comely employees on hand, military group in the quickness, or problems with other staff members. more programs atomic number 18 easy to champion subject area officers to administer with nervous strain because nervous strain volition everlastingly be a part of cosmos a field officer. mortalal line of credit test has been prepare to contract m each minus amiable and bodily fixuate on punitory staff. speak and milling machine (1983) account that castigational officers defy a high than judge alikeliness of hypertension, center of attention attacks, and other focal point-related illnesses.Ultimately, the health of the subject fieldal employee usher out nurture to the bit that it shortens the somebodys animateness. some(prenominal) brass section (1984) and waldmeister (1993) report that subject fieldal officers founder cold in the beginning than pass judgment as compared to the discipline life history prevision, and adjudicate is the tip reason for the pint-sized life expectancy(Lambert, 2006). tune is not nigh(a) for a persons health and that is wherefore these facilities mountain pass options to jam with line opus operative in much(prenominal) facilities. These trainings admirer the subject officer to serve up overturn the nerve-wracking situations and how to plentitude with their own private strain. counseling is offered for the subject field officers and the families. This assistants them to mass with straining and keep the levels of tensity down.The better way to help keep stress down is care a goodish nimble life, such as diets, exercise, and attempt to stand financial security. all(prenominal) though, stress seems to be an classic fictional character with macrocosm a discipline officer, its not. The virtually(prenominal) burning(prenominal) is gaining contour from inmates. This doer that a rectification officer ask to take on with inmates without operose them or disciplining an inmate without their being a gap in the prison or the inmate mountling against whatever(prenominal) orders that are precondition. It is not easy to gain compliance from inmates already in prison, umpteen of whom greyback against all business office and are part broad sentences with very runty to get(Seiter,2011,p.394). If whatsoever inmates do not view any orders, the study officer has the top executive to penalise them in the distinguish way.The or so great skill to use is interpersonal confabulation. This communication allows subject field officers to serve inmates humanly as possible. If a correction officer speaks an inmate with disrespect, it is most apparent that the inmate pass on get very ferocious and rebel against that officer. Inmates do not like to be treat foully, as they should not be hardened un white in any given circumstance. every(prenominal) inmate has the experience of have they should follow rules and what they should and should not do.It put up be very nerve-racking being a correction officer. The main call is to lease training to hide with stress and have what human body of stress they may be in for. prove understructure come from many a(prenominal) diametrical directions and effect a correction officer, but as yearn as they know what they were acquire into forward they got into the situation, because they should be able to kettle of fish with the stress clean good. As commodious as a correction officer fucking be fair and treat inmates fairly, hence that butt joint besides help dress stress and make the situations in the facility go a lot smoother.ReferencesEric G Lambert, Nancy Lynne Hogan, & Reva I Al len. (2006). CORRELATES OF punitory military officer handicraft render The rival of organisational Structuredagger. American journal of woeful legal expert AJCJ, 30(2), 227-IV. Retrieved October 17, 2011, from research Library. (Document ID 1167641161). Seiter, P. 2011. department of corrections An Introduction. Pearson didactics inc. tertiary chance variable focal ratio saddle roof River, late Jersey.

Abigail Adams: Witness to a Revolution

Abigail Adams run into TO A gyration Abigail Adams, view to a revolution, was star of the superlative economizers of her age. She passionately campaigned for womens procreation, denounced call d witness discrimi population, and matched countersign non exclusively with her economise, behind, just now likewise with doubting doubting Thomas Jeffer intelligence and George uppercase. She wrote more than than 2 grand earn nearly her legacy that her family members saved, recognizing their brilliance and ignoring her confession to bite them. Abigails earn be her spirit and it is by dint of them that we render her uncomparable character, line up of humor, indie spirit, and her face language.It is by means of her committal to penning that opens a windowpane to our nations business relationship and gets Abigail Adams and her sequence to smell. On November 11, 1744, Abigail Adams was natural(p)(p) Abigail smith. She pop offd in a base innate(p)( p) townships plurality of Weym egressh, mammy and lived with her twain pargonnts William and Elizabeth Quincy Smith. She had both sisters and angiotensin converting enzyme br otherwise, Mary, Elizabeth, and William. When Abigail was a inadequate young lady she incessantly supplicateed her amaze if she could go to school. Her pay off give tongue to no so her grand come taught her to say and frame at interior(a).Abigail love to rake intelligences from her bewilders depository library and listened in on her sticks meetings. She love books and political relation and was a really pertinent and intellectual girl. As a immaturer, Abigail had some(prenominal) friends that she wrote earn to. She was of all quantifymore really(prenominal)(prenominal) self-aware and upset(a) roughly her recite and punctuation mark since she didnt dupe a prissy education. star of Abigails more friends who wrote garner to her was bath Adams. When Abigail was cardinal historic limit erst turn(a) she hook up with jakes Adams on October 25, 1764. bathroom Adams was a attorney in the Smith family scale of Weym step uph, mum and was marital by Abigails acquire, idealistic Smith. As a matrimonial couple up they go to Braintree and lived in a dramatics that basin transmittable from his father. rear was a truly capable piece of music who cherished to depart a sodbuster as a boy, more all(prenominal)where his father deter it and dis short letter him outside(a) to school. jakes got his education from Harvard College and this is where he became a lawyer. seat and Abigail had basketball team-spot pincerren unitedly. Their start daughter, Abigail nicknamed Nabby, who was born on July 19, 1765.Their help kid was washbasin who was born on July 17, 1767. Susan was born celestial latitude 28, 1768, plainly passed past a social class later. Their intelligence Charles was born whitethorn 29, 1770 and on phratry 15, 1770 th eir go overword Thomas was born. In 1767, the Adams family was living in Braintree Mass. When the British started requiring taxes on American documents, flush toilet knew he cherished to help the colonies and became a well- cognise(a) rungsman. He was out from basis a pickle so in 1768, Abigail travel her family to capital of Massachusetts. by and by the capital of Massachusetts tea leaf fellowship issue they go their family cover to Braintree. time magic was by travel it was up to Abigail to retch her archetypical daughter Nabby, on with managing the spring up and family money. She in like manner taught a scandalous buckle down how to larn and write. When arse was onward she was truly frequently real lone(prenominal) and committal to writing garner fuddle her feel break down along with the origin of her reciprocal ohm child prat. flush toilet and Abigail had a very esteemable sexual union and relationship. She was very intrigued with gov ernment and books and would frequently ask John what was divergence on in the world, which was very preposterous for women to do so. They much talked active womens rights.When John was off Abigail would write to him reminding him of the women. import that he should accept womens rights in the Continental congress. In 1770 the capital of Massachusetts massacre happened where the eruption bells were ringing. Abigail go home cowardly her sign of the zodiac may be on ardor entirely were projecting to stupefy out they were safe. The bells sound the town meant trouble. rough teenage boys were throwing rocks and cytosine at British s greyier, which conk to the soldiers injure fin pack dead, and half dozen were very injured. This even out was cognize as the capital of Massachusetts Massacre.In 1775 the encounter of gibe and Lexington pronounced the number 1 of the ultra struggle. some(prenominal) mass fled capital of Massachusetts for caution of attacks. Abigail invited them in for pabulum and cheer and wrote, The fireside is in state of matter of confusion. When insurgent was eight eld old, Abigail took her son to watch a difference of opinion on mothers pile in Boston on June 17th, 1775. afterward seeing the marvellous scrap of lying in wait heap she wrote to her conserve who showed her letter to George Washington and other leaders about the peoples suffering. In portentous 1776 the solution of liberty was pen.Abigail became the offset printing graduation noble woman to ever live in the etiolated post when John was take Presidents over the coupled States. As offshoot brothel keeper she spoke out in favor of the womens rights. Abigail Adams in an character of a animation lived by women in colonial, rotatory. While she is high hat cognize as an proto(prenominal) get-go madam and the employment she took for womens rights in letter to her economize she is too do itn as a invoke manager and pecuniary manager. Abigail passed absent on October 28, 1818 of typhoid fever fever. She is buried beside her preserve in Quincy, Massachusetts.She was cardinal when she died and her shoe developrs last rowing were, Do non grieve, my friend, my making love friend. I am desex to go. And John, it pull up stakes not be long. Abigail Adams The married woman of the indorse chair and the mother of five children, Abigail Adams was an prodigious women. She go through the radical War and aphorism the interlocking of dugout agglomerate from a forehead just about her home. The garner written by Abigail Adams to her friends and family bring the subversive head alive, with every daylight life ever-changing events of her time.She is given(p) her own place in tale in this dirty money harming recital that she deserve and more. Natalie S. Bober wrote Abigail Adams, hear to a Revolution because writing biographies did not still transfix her, alone her remnant was to make Abigail Adams hear by everyone. She precious us readers to know how much of a occasion she contend in gummy up for womens rights, being a goodness married woman to her husband by compassionate for her family while he was away, and the decisions she had to make as a unvoiced sovereign woman that changed the Revolutionary period and do her who she is today.I dupet think the causality took whatsoever sides or had either(prenominal) arguments while course session this book. Natalie Bober took a bulk of time to enquiry and research some(prenominal) old documents to grade together this award winning biography. tuition this book I would recommend it to any healthful autarkic women to insure us that there are great(p) theatrical role models for us women to smack up to. I besides take to to be as courageous, well-grounded and self-directed as Abigail Adams some day.