International accounting and finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International accounting and finance - Essay Example International companies play a huge role in the global company and can have a powerful influence on the prospects and performance of several economies, especially those that are directly influenced by its business operations and decisions (Ray Whittington, 2007). Irrespective of their nature of operation, both domestic as well as international companies rely on the efficient management of their financial resources, wherein the financial management of the company can be defined as the management of the financial resources of a business organization so as to guide it towards the achievement of its financial objectives (Arthur Andersen, 1977). In this aspect, there are a few aspects, which are entirely applicable irrespective of the area or extent of operation of the company. With a view to improving the prospects of commercial business as the basis of the structure for the organization, the key objectives of managing the finances of the firm are to primarily generate revenue and profits for the business apart from ensuring the liquidity levels within the business. In addition, it is also necessary for financial management to provide the required strategies to help generate a healthy return on investment by assisting in identifying and mitigati ng all the risks involved in conducting the business by putting in a certain set of resources. In this respect, financial management is achieved for any firm through three main sections. Planning: in order to fund business operations, the management needs to be sure of the amount of funding available and the sums required to aid the needs of the business. Funding is required to invest in the company, its infrastructure, human resources as well as assist in the sales made over the credit (Barry Epstein, 2001). For longer terms, funding is also required to enhance the levels of productivity

Ethical Considerations in Leadership Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Considerations in Leadership - Article Example His message was that, I should keep down my head and avoid drawing any attention concerning the problems that the company was facing in performance. The fact that the control purpose of the meeting was to be affected by the manager’s demand made me very uncomfortable. Covering up the problems that led to poor company performance worried me because this was very unethical. I was also concerned of being accused of things that the manager could not have told me, which could also be affecting the company. Despite these misgivings, I went ahead to attend the meeting, just to avoid being at loggerheads with the manager. On attending the meeting, I had to address issues concerning the company that I had no slight idea about. When I informed the manager about eh meeting and the questions asked, he was very angry at me, accusing me of betraying him. After a month, I was given notice concerning my job contract termination. A month later, I was fired with claims that I was a poor perform er and could not meet the company’s expectations. This really discouraged me and to me, the manager was unethical in carrying out his duties. Problem Identification Real leaders consider doing the right thing irrespective of its consequences when faced by difficult ethical dilemmas (Kidder, 1995). Managers experience such dilemmas when caring out their daily chores as Greenfield (1991) says. Developing moral obligations to the companies and their employees leaves them in a situation where they have to determine what is morally right. Unfortunately, very few leaders are usually able to deal with such conflicts. Until recently, ethical issues were accorded little attention in dealing with organizational conflicts (Kidder, 1995). The problem in this case is that, the manager was not ready to attend the meeting because he well understood the problems. He therefore feared any confrontations from his superiors and thus opted to send me to represent him. Though he could have been co nfronted for the poor performance of the company, he could have handled the situation better than me, because he was more experienced. As for me, I was very new in such issues, despite not being responsible for the problems. The manager could have also sent his assistant who could have also argued out the issues better than me, just a junior staff. It was unfortunate that the questions asked were very unfamiliar to me. On the other hand, the manager knew very well where he was failing but kept on assuming his responsibilities. For example, poor trained staff and late delivery of supply goods were the main problems. These are issues he could have addressed early enough by seeking help from his seniors. On the other hand, these were issues he could have presented before the board during the meeting. However, he was reluctant because he well knew that he was to blame for such mistakes. Another solution was for the manager to attend the meeting and air his views concerning the problems in a way that worked out better for him, since he was in a better position to defend him. As Kidder (1995) says, management crisis are better handled by the affected party than a second or third party. However, the best solution to the manager, which is also ethical, was for him to attend the meetings personally, explain everything, and ask for assistance in proving the company’s performance. For example, since the main problems were delayed delivery of goods and untrained staff, the manager could h

Exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam Questions - Essay Example This results in a reduction per unit output and an increase in their average rate of operation. Such mergers can be extremely beneficial to companies who can benefit from the future advantage of multiple manufacturers are supported by a singular center. This can prove to be quite cost effective in the long term. 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the friendly versus hostile approaches to a corporate takeover? Hostile takeovers are sometimes preferred because it allows the takeover firm to, essentially, ambush the target company, giving them no time to react, preempt, or interfere with such a takeover. It forces the hands of the target company giving them little beneficial choice in attempting to impede the takeover. Friendly takeovers are only really beneficial when the takeover company wants to maintain much of the staff and management and prevent any interference in productivity. A friendly takeover comes with a warning and can encourage more cooperation; however that is not always the case. Sometimes, the foreknowledge of the takeover can lead to the target company, raising the value of its stocks and granting greater opportunity to impede the process if they so wish. Both have advantages and disadvantages, but it’s the opportunity that the element of surprise offers that makes hostile takeovers so common. 3. What are the four basic types of business level strategies that companies commonly pursue, and how are they different? The four basic types of business level strategies that companies commonly pursue are. 1. Price or Cost leadership: Cost leadership developing a firm with the lowest cost of operation within their industry and aims to increase scale of production. Price leadership refers to a business that may be the one with the lower cost to produce but not necessarily selling its products and services at the lowest cost. 2. Product differentiation: Is a company that works to make its products so very different in its appearance and packaging in order to set it apart from the its competitors. This can be lucrative for a business as the consumers perceive the unique appearance as a sign of a superior product. 3. Focus or niche strategies: Refers to a firm or company that specifies its products to a specific demographic or group that is not necessarily the majority of consumers. Essentially it is an opportunity to become a mainstay within that product industry. 4. Hybrid Strategies: This, simply, refers to firms that option to combine the different styles and incorporate elements of each. In other words it focuses on efficient cost effective production, works to make their product unique amongst its competitors, and seeks out its own appropriate niche to guarantee greater profit. 4. Identify at least three criteria that might be used to select a manufacturing firm as a potential acquisition candidate. A financial services firm? A high technology firm? (Answer these questions in 110 words or less) Any given busin ess must be wise in choosing the manufacturing, financial, and high technology firms that they employ for their business. There are some very important criteria that they will consider when making the selection of each. When seeking a financial servicing firm they may

Global Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Marketing Strategy - Essay Example The induction and diffusion of the effects of globalization in various parts of the world has been fast forwarded in a tremendous manner by the easy availability of high speed internet connectivity in every corner of the world. The easy availability of information in the various forms of virtual media like the online media forums, social networking sites and blogs have significantly contributed to the faster dispersion of the effects related to globalization. This has brought into play, a significant and constant process of change in the macro and micro environmental factors related to the development of business opportunities in the established as well as the developing economies of the world. As a positive impact of globalization, there has been a significant increase in the opening up of economies around the world. As a result of opening up of economies of various emerging and developing countries, new markets are emerging from various corners of the globe. The steady rise in the opening up of new markets around the world is leading to a tremendous increase in competition in the global marketplace. Talking on this note, it can be said that the process of opening up of markets around the world is allowing organizations located in various parts and corners of the world to look for opportunities related to market expansion by applying various strategy-based methodologies and action plans. This approach of entering new markets, by various international firms, is leading to the rise of business practices in the domain and arena of international business practices. Theoretical framework: International business Talking about international business, if we wish to define it, it can be said that the international business or international trade comprises of various business activities that are undertaken by business organizations around the world to develop new markets for the purpose of gaining significant growth opportunities by catering to the demands arising from the new markets. In an effort to do so, the international firms focus on the process related to generating, communicating, delivering as well as capturing of value for the customers of the new markets while customizing the product or service features as per their needs and requirements (Dlabay & Scott, 2011, p. 8). The concept of international business is also highly applicable and relevant in the case of various business firms who look forward to tapping significant amount of business opportunities by providing their services and products to various remotely located clients and customers who dwell in different countries. In the context of various business to business scenarios, international business represents the process of conduction of business between various business organizations through the mass conduction of import and export of goods and services. For the process of conduction of international business, opening up of economies as well as setting up of various investment f riendly policies and tax laws in the new and developing economies is very essential. It is highly important to mention in this case that the flexibility in multiple government outlined policies and regular evaluation

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Globalization - Essay Example Mascarenhas (1982) developed a perspective of multiple factors the multinational organizations faces due to environmental uncertainty and focused on foreign exchange uncertainty, political uncertainty, and employment problems. Hambrick (1982) divided the environment into four categories: administrative, engineering, entrepreneurial, and regulatory, and these categories in twenty sub-categories. Several other scholars contributed to the classification in two broad dimensions: task (competitors, customers, and suppliers) and remote (political/legal, social/cultural, technological, and economic) environment (Dess & Beard, 1984; Ebrahimi, 2000). More recently, Guisinger (2001), based on prior work, proposed the geovalent construct to comprised eight "mutually exclusive, exhaustive, quantifiable, and largely replicable" (Guisinger, 2000: 4) environmental dimensions and encapsulate some of the main features of the international business environment. But the concept of globalization has cha nged the entire environment of global business. The IMF defines globalization as "the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross border transactions in goods and services and of international capital flows, and also through rapid and widespread diffusion of technology." Mitchell (2000) defines globalization as "g... The world economy has been emerging as a global or transnational economy. A global or transnational economy is one which transcends the national borders unhindered by artificial restrictions like government restrictions on trade and factor movements. Globalization is a process of development of the world into a single integrated unit. The transnational economy is different from the international economy. The international economy is characterized by the existence of the different national economies the economics relations between them being regulated by the national governments. The transnational economy is a borderless world economy characterized by free flow of trade and factors of production across national borders. Drucker (1990) in his new realties observed that in the early or mid seventies with OPEC and president Nixon's floating of the dollar - the world economy changed from being international to transnational. Globalization in its true sense is a way of corporate life necessitated, facilitated and nourished by the transnationalization of world economy and developed by corporate strategies. Globalization is an attitude of mind - it is a mind - set which view the entire world as a single market so that the corporate strategy is based on the dynamics of the global business environment. International marketing or international investment does not amount to globalization unless it is the result of such a global orientation. Supporters and critics of a globalization alike tend to agree that globalization is nothing new. There have been always degrees of economic, political and cultural interdependence. What makes globalization an issue today is the speed at which interdependence is growing. This is partly the result of unprecedented

Is Censorship Good or Bad for the Society Outline

Is Censorship Good or Bad for the Society - Outline Example The author of the paper states that censorship is both beneficial and disadvantageous but it should be applied for certain reasons and should be avoided for others. Several laws in the media industry have been created regarding the issue of censorship and the need for such laws has been highly demanded. On the other hand, those not in the favor of censorship state that censorship has no importance and complete viewership should be accepted by law and media. The debate regarding the question of whether censorship is good or bad for the interest of the public is viewed from several angles. Those who oppose censorship state that it violates constitutional rights.  The coalition further stated that a society that is based on pluralist grounds can never agree on any issue and will have a difference of opinion and this difference of opinion is necessary to achieve creativity and growth that is intellectual in nature. This means that the coalition believes that one of the most important r ights that an individual has is the freedom of communication and it is necessary to develop a healthy democracy. One of the concerns related to the infringing of the right to freedom of speech is that it will result in a chilling effect. The chilling effect is defined as a discouragement of conducting a completely lawful act due to fear of punishment (Margolis 103). Julie Hilden states that reactions that resulted due to the exposure and scandal of Janet Jackson allow the Congress to pass laws and regulations that are not necessary for the society (as cited in Tavani, 296). She even stated that censorship was assumed to be necessary by the Congress even if it infringes upon the right of freedom of speech and she even figured out that Congress is blaming - and imposing laws of censorship on - those parties that were not even directly or indirectly involved in the scandal. Powell has stated that he had no problems in applying liability and holding broadcasters responsible even if they were not the perpetrators of the crime (Minkin 123). Those who are in favor of censorship state that Constitution can be differently interpreted depending upon the case being argued. They even state that interpretation of freedom of speech under the First Amendment is not as easy to understand as it might seem.  

Management change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management change - Essay Example be said that the global market place is largely responsible for the promotion and faster diffusion of various kinds of global trends to various corners of the world. As a result of diffusion of global trends to various markets around the world, demands of various nature are continuously rising from the markets and consumers located in the developing and developed economies. This essentially promotes a significant amount of business opportunity for various organizations around the world. Because of the rise of digitized communication trends, the barriers to accessing information of various markets around the world have become almost nonexistent and redundant. The ease of access of information by organizations around the world, are essentially encouraging them and providing them with the potential to move forward and enter into new markets. This is in return resulting in the process of increase of competition in the global marketplace. Companies and organizations around the world are increasingly feeling the pinch of this increase in competition in the marketplace. In order to stay competitive in the marketplace, the organizations are trying their best to inculcate various amounts of change in their daily business processes, thereby generate, and increase the efficiency of the business in the marketplace. This has resulted in the rise of importance for change management among the organizations. Change management has become very crucial in various organizations around the world that are increasingly looking forward to inculcate a change in its method of doing business. It has to be said that change management is very essential as it plays a crucial role for the purpose of attaining sustainable growth in the business while changing as per market conditions and requirements. While viewing change management from the theoretic and academic point of view, it is important to mention the fact that the change management denotes a broad arena of activities that is related